RESTRAINT SYSTEMS

 

The goal of a restraint system is to dissipate the impact energy of the load in transit, without incurring damage to the packages or equipment. The systems shown on the following pages perform this function in one of three ways: rigidly, semi-rigidly, or by absorbing energy. While all of the systems indicated in the Restraint Systems Table might meet the performance criteria for each mode, applicability of any system for a particular load will depend on the circumstances of the load. In some instances, a combination of systems may be necessary to achieve adequate

restraint. In selecting a system, the shipper must carefully consider which type best suits the needs of the particular load.

 

TESTING AND EVALUATION

 

The systems included in this guide have been subjected to testing or trial shipments for use in one or more modes. Some of the testing or trial shipments have been done by consensus groups, some by the Association of American Railroads and some by individual shippers. Each system was tested or used for two different types of loads (drums and mixed load) in each of the applicable transportation environments (rail, highway, and water). Although modifications to some systems were developed through the use of laboratory test data, all systems described have been used in many supervised shipments.

 

For a discussion of the test methods and/or trial shipment procedures for each mode, see Appendix B.

 

NOTE: All rail restraint systems listed have been officially approved by the Association of American Railroads (AAR) for interchange movement. Only a sampling of methods approved by the Association of American Railroads is included in this Guide. For further information consult your carrier or the AAR Intermodal Loading Guide for Product in Closed Trailers and Containers.